County Tyrone (from Irish: Tír Eoghain, meaning "land of Eoghan" is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland. Eoghan was a son of Niall of the Nine Hostages who was assassinated around 406 AD.

The Beaghmore Stone Circles are a series of seven ancient ceremonial stone circles located west of Cookstown. It is believed that Neolithic farmers cleared the early woodland here to make room for the site, which in addition to the circles, includes 12 cairns and 10 stone rows.

The Cenél Eóghain became the prominent clan in the north of Ireland in the 8th century.

Tyrone was the traditional stronghold of the various O'Neill dynastic clans, the strongest of the Gaelic Irish families in Ulster up to the early 17th century. After losing the nine-year war, 1594 - 1603, the Earl of Tyrone along with the remaining Gaelic Irish aristocratic families fled Ireland in 1607 in an event known as the "Flight of the Earls".